Fall in zone 9aPhoto: George Chernilevsky, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Frost dates for ZIP 31523 (Glynn County, GA)
Average last spring and first fall frost dates with 10%, 50% and 90% odds, from NOAA's 1991–2020 climate normals for the nearest weather station, Brunswick, GA (7 miles away).
- Average last spring frostFeb 850% chance of a 32°F freeze after this date
- Average first fall frostDec 2550% chance of a 32°F freeze by this date
- Growing season (frost-free)314 daysmedian, 32°F threshold
- USDA hardiness zone9a20 to 25°F avg. coldest night
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This week in your yard
As of Oct 18, 2026, from your frost dates, zone and soil temperature. Lawn timing · Vegetables · Pruning · Plants
Soil temperature now
2-inch depth
77°F 55°F or warmer
24-hour average · latest 74°F, as of Oct 18, 1:00 AM CDT
Estimate Not a measurement at this ZIP: distance-weighted average of Brunswick 23 S (29 mi).
4-inch depth
78°F 55°F or warmer
24-hour average · latest 77°F, as of Oct 18, 1:00 AM CDT
Estimate Not a measurement at this ZIP: distance-weighted average of Brunswick 23 S (29 mi).
Fall: Texas A&M AgriLife times fall pre-emergent (for winter weeds such as annual bluegrass) to soil cooling to about 70°F for several days. The 50–55°F band is the spring trigger. Always read and follow the product label.
7-day forecast and frost risk
The latest National Weather Service 7-day forecast and any Frost Advisory or Freeze Warning for 31523 load here. You can also open the NWS forecast for this ZIP.
Pre-emergent
Soil is 78°F at 4 inches (estimated soil temperature, not a station reading). Fall pre-emergent (annual bluegrass, winter weeds): not yet. Apply as soil cools toward 70°F (typically September to early October).
Fertilizer window
Lawn region: Southeast (warm, humid). Timing only; always follow the product label.
- Centipedegrass (warm-season): Spring: Not before mid-May (NC State); after full green-up (about Mar 26 here, using green-up about 3–4 weeks after your average last frost); Summer: Optional mid-summer feeding, especially on sandy coastal soils. Avoid: Early-spring feeding, frequent feeding and liming unless a soil test calls for it (centipede decline).
Plant now
- Lettuce: fall sowing Oct 16–Nov 13
- Kale: fall transplant Oct 2–30
- Collards: fall transplant Oct 2–30
- Kohlrabi: fall sowing Oct 16–30
- Swiss chard: fall sowing Oct 16–30
- Beet: fall sowing Oct 16–30
- Turnip: fall sowing Oct 16–30
- Green onion / scallion: fall sowing Oct 16–30
- Strawberry (plants): fall transplant Oct 16–Nov 13
Coming up in the next 3 weeks
- Lettuce: fall transplant Oct 30–Nov 20
- Spinach: fall sowing Oct 30–Nov 20
- Bok choy / Asian greens: fall sowing Oct 30–Nov 13
- Arugula: fall sowing Oct 30–Nov 27
- Mustard greens: fall sowing Oct 30–Nov 13
- Cilantro: fall sowing Oct 30–Nov 13
- Dill: fall sowing Oct 30–Nov 13
Prune now
No frost-timed pruning windows are open this week.
Spring-flowering shrubs are pruned right after their flowers fade, not by date. See the pruning guide.
Last spring frost odds
| Chance of a 32°F freeze after this date | Date |
|---|---|
| 90% (early: most years still freeze after this) | Jan 9 |
| 50% (the "average" last frost) | Feb 8 |
| 10% (cautious: only 1 year in 10 freezes later) | Mar 10 |
Most gardeners plant frost-tender crops (tomatoes, peppers, basil) after the 50% date, and closer to the 10% date for less risk.
First fall frost odds
| Chance the first 32°F freeze has happened by this date | Date |
|---|---|
| 10% (early: 1 year in 10 freezes this soon) | Nov 26 |
| 50% (the "average" first frost) | Dec 25 |
| 90% (late: most years have frozen by now) | Jan 20 (next year) |
Light frost, freeze and hard freeze
| Threshold | Last spring (50%) | First fall (50%) |
|---|---|---|
| 36°F (light frost possible on clear, calm nights) | Feb 27 | Dec 4 |
| 32°F (freeze) | Feb 8 | Dec 25 |
| 28°F (hard freeze) | Jan 24 | Jan 6 (next year) |
n/a means NOAA did not publish a date at that threshold for this station (usually because it rarely gets that cold).
Vegetable planting calendar for 31523
Dates count from your average last spring frost (Feb 8) and first fall frost (Dec 25). Half of years have a frost after the spring date, so give tender crops (tomatoes, peppers, squash) some slack.
| Crop | Start indoors | Spring planting | Fall planting |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tomato | Dec 14–28 | Feb 15–Mar 1 (transplant) | Aug 28–Sep 25 (transplant) |
| Pepper (sweet and hot) | Nov 30–Dec 14 | Feb 22–Mar 8 (transplant) | Sep 4–25 (transplant) |
| Eggplant | Nov 30–Dec 14 | Feb 22–Mar 8 (transplant) | Sep 4–25 (transplant) |
| Tomatillo | Dec 14–28 | Feb 15–Mar 1 (transplant) | – |
| Lettuce | Dec 14–28 | Jan 18–Feb 8 (transplant) Jan 11–Feb 22 (sow outdoors) | Oct 30–Nov 20 (transplant) Oct 16–Nov 13 (sowing) |
| Spinach | – | Dec 28–Jan 18 (sow outdoors) | Oct 30–Nov 20 (sowing) |
| Kale | Dec 14–28 | Jan 11–25 (transplant) Jan 11–25 (sow outdoors) | Oct 2–30 (transplant) Sep 18–Oct 16 (sowing) |
| Collards | Dec 14–28 | Jan 11–Feb 8 (transplant) Jan 11–Feb 8 (sow outdoors) | Oct 2–30 (transplant) Sep 18–Oct 16 (sowing) |
| Broccoli | Nov 30–Dec 14 | Jan 11–25 (transplant) | Sep 18–Oct 16 (transplant) |
| Cabbage | Nov 30–Dec 14 | Jan 11–25 (transplant) | Sep 18–Oct 16 (transplant) |
| Cauliflower | Nov 30–Dec 14 | Jan 25–Feb 8 (transplant) | Sep 18–Oct 16 (transplant) |
| Brussels sprouts | Nov 16–30 | Jan 11–25 (transplant) | Sep 4–25 (transplant) |
| Kohlrabi | Dec 14–28 | Jan 11–25 (transplant) Jan 11–25 (sow outdoors) | Oct 16–30 (sowing) |
| Bok choy / Asian greens | – | Jan 11–25 (sow outdoors) | Oct 30–Nov 13 (sowing) |
| Arugula | – | Jan 11–Feb 8 (sow outdoors) | Oct 30–Nov 27 (sowing) |
| Mustard greens | – | Jan 11–Feb 1 (sow outdoors) | Oct 30–Nov 13 (sowing) |
| Swiss chard | Dec 28–Jan 11 | Jan 25–Feb 15 (transplant) Jan 25–Feb 22 (sow outdoors) | Oct 16–30 (sowing) |
| Beet | – | Jan 11–Feb 8 (sow outdoors) | Oct 16–30 (sowing) |
| Carrot | – | Jan 18–Feb 15 (sow outdoors) | Oct 2–16 (sowing) |
| Radish | – | Jan 4–Feb 15 (sow outdoors) | Nov 13–27 (sowing) |
| Turnip | – | Jan 11–Feb 1 (sow outdoors) | Oct 16–30 (sowing) |
| Parsnip | – | Jan 18–Feb 8 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Pea (garden, snap, snow) | – | Dec 14–Jan 11 (sow outdoors) | Oct 2–16 (sowing) |
| Onion (bulbing) | Nov 16–30 | Dec 28–Jan 11 (transplant) | – |
| Green onion / scallion | – | Dec 28–Jan 25 (sow outdoors) | Oct 16–30 (sowing) |
| Leek | Nov 16–30 | Jan 11–25 (transplant) | – |
| Garlic | – | – | Nov 13–Dec 11 (sowing) |
| Shallot | – | Dec 28–Jan 11 (transplant) | Nov 13–Dec 11 (sowing) |
| Potato | – | Jan 11–25 (transplant) | Sep 4–18 (transplant) |
| Sweet potato | – | Mar 1–15 (transplant) | – |
| Sweet corn | – | Feb 15–Mar 1 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Bean, bush (snap) | – | Feb 15–Mar 1 (sow outdoors) | Oct 2–16 (sowing) |
| Bean, pole | – | Feb 15–Mar 1 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Lima bean | – | Feb 22–Mar 8 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Southern pea (cowpea, black-eyed pea) | – | Mar 1–22 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Cucumber | Jan 11–18 | Feb 15–Mar 1 (transplant) Feb 15–Mar 1 (sow outdoors) | Oct 2–16 (sowing) |
| Summer squash / zucchini | Jan 11–18 | Feb 15–Mar 1 (transplant) Feb 15–Mar 1 (sow outdoors) | Oct 2–16 (sowing) |
| Winter squash | Jan 11–18 | Feb 15–Mar 1 (transplant) Feb 15–Mar 1 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Pumpkin | – | Feb 15–Mar 1 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Watermelon | Jan 11–18 | Feb 22–Mar 8 (transplant) Feb 22–Mar 8 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Cantaloupe / muskmelon | Jan 11–18 | Feb 22–Mar 8 (transplant) Feb 22–Mar 8 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Okra | Dec 28–Jan 11 | Feb 22–Mar 8 (transplant) Feb 22–Mar 8 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Celery | Nov 16–30 | Feb 15–22 (transplant) | – |
| Basil | Dec 28–Jan 11 | Feb 15–Mar 1 (transplant) Feb 15–Mar 1 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Cilantro | – | Jan 25–Feb 22 (sow outdoors) | Oct 30–Nov 13 (sowing) |
| Parsley | Nov 30–Dec 14 | Jan 25–Feb 8 (transplant) Jan 18–Feb 8 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Dill | – | Feb 8–22 (sow outdoors) | Oct 30–Nov 13 (sowing) |
| Sunflower | – | Feb 8–22 (sow outdoors) | – |
| Asparagus (crowns) | – | Jan 11–25 (transplant) | – |
| Rhubarb (crowns) | – | Jan 11–25 (transplant) | – |
| Strawberry (plants) | – | Jan 11–25 (transplant) | Oct 16–Nov 13 (transplant) |
Typical ranges from university extension planting calendars, adjusted to your frost dates. Probabilities, not guarantees. Fall windows that would overlap spring planting are left out, as are fall crops of frost-tender plants where the frost-free season is under 210 days.
Plants that do well here
Georgia has a university or garden plant program: Georgia Gold Medal Plants (ended 2017). Plant frost-tender annuals after February 8 here (the average last frost). Not affiliated with the program.
Where these numbers come from
Station: Brunswick, GA (NOAA GHCN-Daily ID USC00091340), elevation 13 ft, 7.5 miles from the ZIP's center point. NOAA completeness flag: S (standard, 24+ years).
Nearby stations
| Station | Distance | Last frost (50%) | First frost (50%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Brunswick Malcolm Mckinnon AP, GA | 14 mi | Feb 9 | Dec 26 |
| Woodbine, GA | 18 mi | Mar 14 | Nov 25 |
| Nahunta 6NE, GA | 18 mi | Mar 25 | Nov 15 |
The average last-frost dates of these stations span 48 days, a rough guide to local variation. See data sources & methods.
Frost questions for 31523
When is the last frost in 31523?
The average (50% chance) last spring freeze of 32°F for ZIP 31523 is February 8. For a more cautious planting date, use March 10, when only 1 year in 10 still sees a later freeze.
When is the first frost in 31523?
The average first fall freeze is December 25. In 1 year in 10 it comes by November 26.
What hardiness zone is 31523?
ZIP 31523 is in USDA zone 9a (20 to 25°F average coldest winter night), per the 2023 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map ZIP listing.
What is the soil temperature in 31523 right now?
This page shows the latest 2-inch and 4-inch soil temperature from the nearest public soil station (USDA SCAN, NOAA USCRN or TexMesonet), or a labeled estimate when no station is close, against the 50–55°F spring pre-emergent band.
Nearby ZIP codes
31520 Brunswick 31524 31525 Country Club Estates 31565 Waverly 31566 Waynesville 31527 Jekyll Island 31522 St. Simons 31543 Hortense
Other ZIP codes in Glynn County
31520 31522 31524 31525 31527 31561 All Glynn County frost dates · Georgia frost dates
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Weekly yard timing, plus frost and soil-temperature alerts for your ZIP code.
- Freeze alerts
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Free. One weekly email plus alerts when your ZIP has a frost or a soil-temperature change worth acting on. After you submit, Kit (our email provider) sends a confirmation email: check your email and click the link to confirm. You aren't subscribed until you do. We collect only your email address and ZIP, sent to Kit to deliver The Dial. Unsubscribe anytime.